籌建中國生態建設翻譯-中英對照
Prepare to establish “Ecological Construction Bureau of China”
優化管理模式，創新生態工程整合機制。加強縱向整合，構建統一領導與分部門協作的管理體制。實施跨行政區垂直管理機制。建立由各生態系統管理相關部門首長組成的統一調度機構，結合部門間的職能整合、功能區內部的問題整合、功能區間的功能整合，對國家重點生態工程項目實施高效一體化管理。加強橫向整合，克服職能交叉，明確部門分工。打破目前傳統的管理模式，減少相關立法中管理部門職權的條塊分割。以全面考慮、監督實施、鞏固成果、公眾參與為原則，協調生態建設與地方其它建設活動，整合生態工程目標，整合生態工程績效，建立績效保障機制、評估機制，實施績效鞏固措施。
Optimize the management mode; innovate the integration mechanism of ecological project. Strengthen the vertical combination; establish the management system with unified leading and department cooperation structure. Implement the vertical mechanism of cross-region management in the administrative area. Establish the unified dispatching organization which composed of leaders of relevant ecological department of management system; combine the interdepartmental function integration, problem integration of internal functional district and problem integration between functional districts, implement the high-efficient management for the national key ecological project. Strengthen and horizontal integration, overcome cross functions; define the department labor division. Break the present traditional management mode; reduce the barrier between different departments of the authority administrative department in the relevant legislation. Follow the principle of overall consideration, supervision and implementation, consolidation the achievement and participation of citizens; coordinate ecological construction and construction activities of other place and integrate the objectives of ecological project; integrate the performance of ecological project; establish the security mechanism of the performance, assessment mechanism, implement performance and consolidate the measures.
3、分重點分區域開展生態恢復整治工作
3. Launch the resuming and renovating work of ecology in different focus points and areas
盡快拯救額濟納綠洲和甘肅民勤等土地沙化嚴重，生態危急區域的生態系統結構與功能。堅持以水定產、以水定畜、以水定人。調整產業結構，發展節水型生態產業。綜合生物和工程措施，加強水土流失治理。實施開發性生態移民工程，減輕生態壓力。
Save the serious desertification, ecosystem structure and function of the critical area of the ecology of Ejin Oasis and Minqin County of Gansu as soon as possible; adhere to define the output quota by water, define the rearing animal by water and define the population by water. Adjust the industrial structure and develop the water-saving ecological industry. Integrate the biology and project measure; strengthen the control if soil erosion. Implement the explorative immigrant project and lighten the ecological pressure.
繼續鞏固青藏高原水源涵養區、黃土高原水土流失區、西南山地石漠化區、京津上游風沙源區等重點保護區域的生態治理。全面停止天然林采伐，封山（沙）育林育草，加快生態防護林體系建設，大力加強退化草場的改良和建設，合理利用草地，實行圍欄封育。加大水土保持力度，大規模開展小流域水土流失綜合治理。積極發展替代產業，改變粗放的經濟增長方式，降低人為活動強度。
Continue to consolidate the ecological administration of key preservation areas such as water source conservation areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, soil erosion area of loess plateau, rock desertification area of southwest mountain region, upper reaches of sand wind area of Beijing and Tianjin. Completely prohibit fell of natural forest; seal a mountain (sand) and breed afforest and grasses; accelerate the construction of shelterbelt network of the ecology; strengthen the effective manner and construction of the degraded meadow; rationally utilize meadow; implement rail sealing and breed. Strengthen water and soil conservation; launch comprehensive administration of soil erosion in small drainage area on a large scale. Positively develop replacement industry; change the extensive style of economic increasing; reduce the intensity of artificial activities.
重視呼倫貝爾草原區、大興安嶺原始林區生態和川西北水源區等生態良好區的生態保育，逐步加大相關區域保護投入力度，確保國家尚沒有出現嚴重生態問題的少數區域生態系統結構與功能不受破壞。
Emphasis the ecological cultivation of the districts with sound ecology such as Hulun Buir Grassland, primitive ecology forest zone of Daxing'an Mountain area and water source in the northwest of Sichuan, etc.; gradually devote more efforts to protect in relevant area; guarantee that the few regional ecosystem structure and function without serious ecological problem in our country is free from destroy.
密切關注、監控三峽水庫、南水北調等重大工程擾動區。建立相關區域生態結構與功能動態變化、生態災害、生態安全的監測預警系統，實施動態監測評估。
Pay close attention to major disturbed zone of Three Gorges Reservoir and South-North Water transportation project, etc.. Establish the relevant ecological structure and change of dynamic function, ecological calamity, early warning and monitoring system of ecology safety; implement the dynamic monitor assessment.
（六）完善生態監測網絡，建立國家生態評估與預警體系
(6) Perfect the monitoring network of ecology, Establish national ecology assessment and early warning system
生態監測著眼于“全面性和系統性”，是在時間和空間上對特定區域范圍內生態系統或生態系統組合體的類型、結構和功能及其組合要素等進行監控和測試，從而為評價生態環境質量、保護生態環境、恢復重建生態、合理利用自然資源提供依據。生態環境監測是環境監測中的重要內容之一，也是環境監測的深入與發展，是生態保護的基礎和開展生態質量評估、預警的主要依據，也是加強生態環境管理的重要手段。目前，我國生態監測點較多，但是都分散于林業、農業、中科院等各個部門，生態監測沒有形成合理的網絡體系，基本上是單打獨斗，沒有形成合力，生態監測效率低，重復監測問題比較突出，也缺乏實時的評估預警功能。生態監測不能滿足國家生態保護管理的需求。所以，從國家層面完善生態監測網絡，建立一套生態評估與預警體系，對于提高生態監測效率，提升生態保護的質量具有重要意義。具體需要開展的戰略行動有：
The monitoring of ecology is focused on “Comprehensiveness and Systemic”, which is to control and test the type, structure, function and key element of composition, etc. of the ecosystem or the ecosystem assembling in specific region in the time and space domain, thus offer basis of assessment of ecological environmental quality, protection of ecological environment, resuming of ecology rebuilding, and rational utilization of natural resources. Ecological environmental monitoring is one of the important contents in the environmental monitoring, and it is the deepening and development of environmental monitoring as well; it is the foundation of ecological protection and the main basis of for development of pre-warning and assessment of ecological, and it is the important means to strengthen ecological environmental management as well. At present, there are many ecological monitoring spots in our country, however its all disperse in different departments such as forestry, agriculture and Chinese Academy of Sciences, etc. The ecology monitoring has not formed the rational network system, which belongs to a scattered situation and does not form joint efforts; the monitor efficiency of ecology is low, and the problem of repeated monitoring is relatively conspicuous; it lacks the pre-warning function of real-time assessment as well. The ecology monitoring can't meet the demand national ecological protection management. Therefore, it is required to perfect the ecology monitoring network in view of the national aspect; establish a set of pre-warning system of ecology assessment has an important significance to promote the monitors efficiency of ecology and the quality of ecological protection. The concrete strategic actions are:
1、整合部門監測站點，建立國家生態監測網絡
1. Integrate the monitoring station of each department; establish national monitoring network of ecology
圍繞生態系統結構、過程與功能，整合現有分散于各部門的監測站點，加強生態監測網絡建設，建立全國統一的國家、區域、站點三級監測網。從宏觀與微觀多個尺度為生態質量評估提供數據基礎，主要包括以開展生態質量的宏觀動態監測和微觀重點監測為主的國家級生態監測中心；以承擔區域（流域）的宏觀質量資產監測和重點區域調查為主的區（流）域性生態監測分中心和以承擔各類生態因子的長期定位監測為主要任務的建立生態監測站點，三級機構在信息和技術上互為支持。加強對生態監測的指標、方法和技術的研究工作，制定全國統一的生態監測標準和技術規范。最終形成以衛星遙感監測和地面定位監測相結合，覆蓋全國范圍、針對各類生態系統和生態問題的完整的生態監測體系。
Integrate existing monitoring station dispersing in each department round the ecosystem structure, course and function; strengthen the construction of ecology monitor network; establish three stage monitoring station in country, area and tertiary unification. Offer the foundation data for ecological quality assessment from macroscopic and several yardstick of microcosmic, which include the national-level ecological monitoring center that mainly relies on the macroscopic dynamic monitoring and microcosmic key points monitoring, the regional (drainage area) monitoring sub-center main for monitoring of macroscopic quality assets, the regional (drainage area) monitoring sub-center for the investigation of key region (drainage are) and the ecology monitoring station mainly for monitoring of long-term localization of all kinds of ecological factors; the three stage organization is supported to each other in information and technology. Strengthen the research work of index, method and technology of ecology monitoring; formulate the national unified ecological monitoring standard and technical specification. And form the integral ecological monitoring system by the integration of remote sensing of the satellite and ground location, cover the whole area of country and aim at the various ecology system and problem.
 

2013.4.9