鋼結構廠房施工說明書翻譯-中英對照
9.2 單層鋼結構廠房
9.2.1( I )一般規定
鋼結構的抗震性能一般比較好，未設防的鋼結構廠房，地震中損壞不重，主要承重結構一般元損壞。但是，1978 年日本宮城縣地震中， 有5 棟鋼結構建筑倒塌，1976 年唐山機車車輛廠等的鋼結構廠房破壞甚至倒塌， 因此，普通型鋼的鋼結構廠房仍需進行抗震設計。輕型鋼結構廠房的自重輕，鋼材的截面特性與普通型鋼不同，本次修訂未納入。
9.2.3 本條規定了廠房結構體系的要求:
1 多跨廠房的橫向剛度較大， 不要求各跨屋架均與柱剛接。采用門式剛架、懸臂柱等體系的結構在實際工程中也不少見。對廠房縱向的布置要求，本條規定與單層鋼結構廠房的實際情況是一致的。
2 厚度較大無法進行螺栓連接的構件， 需采用對接焊縫等強連接，并遵守厚板的焊接工藝，確保焊接質量。
3 實踐表明， 屋架上弦桿與柱連接處出現塑性餃的傳統做法，往往引起過大變形，導致房屋出現功能障礙，故規定了此處連接板不應出現塑性餃。當橫梁為實腹梁時，則應符合抗震連接的一般要求。
4 鋼骨架的最大應力區在地震時可能產生塑性錢， 導致構件失去整體和局部穩定，故在最大應力區不能設置焊接接頭。為保證節點具有足夠的承載能力，還規定了節點在構件全截面屈服時不發生破壞的要求。
（II）計算要點
9.2.4 根據單層廠房的實際情況， 對抗震計算模型分別作了規定。
9.2.5 廠房排架抗震分析時， 要根據國護墻的類型和墻與柱的連接方式來決定其質量與剛度的取值原則，使計算較合理。
9.2.6 單層鋼結構廠房的橫向抗震計算， 大體上與鋼筋混凝土柱廠房相同，但因圍護墻類型較多，故分別對待。參照鋼筋混凝土柱廠房做簡化計算時，地震彎矩和剪力的調整系數未作規定。
9.2.7 等高多跨鋼結構廠房的縱向抗震計算， 與鋼筋混凝土廠房不同，主要由于廠房的圍護墻與柱是柔性連接或不妨礙柱子側移，各縱向柱列變位基本相同。因此，對無鎮屋蓋可按柱列剛度分配;對有模屋蓋可按柱列承受重力荷載代表值比例分配和按單柱列計算，再取二者的較大值。
9.2.8 本條對屋蓋支撐設計作了規定。主要是連接承載力的要求和腹桿設計的要求。對于按長細比決定截面的支撐構件，其與弦桿的連接可不要求等強連接，只要不小于構件的內力即可;屋蓋豎向支撐承受的作用力包括屋蓋自重產生的地震力，還要將其傳給主框架，桿件截面需由計算確定。
(III)抗震構造措施
9.2.11 鋼結構設計的習用規定， 長細比限值與柱的軸壓比元關，但與材料的屈服強度有關。修改后的表示方式與《鋼結構設計規范》中的表示方式是一致的。
9.2.12 單層廠房柱、梁的板件寬厚比， 應較靜力彈性設計為嚴。本條參考了冶金部門的設計規定，它來自試算和工程經驗分析。其中，考慮到梁可能出現塑性錢，按《鋼結構設計規范》中關于塑性設計的要求控制。圓銅管的徑厚比來自日本資料。
9.2.13 能傳遞柱全截面屈服承載力的柱腳， 可采用如下形式:
(1)埋入式柱腳，埋深的近似計算公式，來自日本早期的設計規定和英國鋼結構設計手冊;
(2) 外包式柱腳;
(3) 外露式柱腳， 底板與基礎頂面間用無收縮砂漿進行二次灌漿，剪力較大時需設置抗剪鍵。
9.2.14 設置柱間支撐要兼顧減小溫度應力的要求。在廠房中部設置上下柱間支撐，僅適用于有吊車的廠房，其目的是避免吊車梁等縱向構件的溫度應力;溫度區間長度較大時，需在中部設置兩道柱間支撐。上柱支撐按受拉配置，其截面一般較小，設在兩端對縱向構件脹縮影響不大，無論烈度大小均需設置。無吊車廠房縱向構件截面較小，柱間支撐不一定必需設在
中部。此外， 89 規范關于焊縫嚴禁立體交叉的規定， 屬于非抗震設計的基本要求，本次修訂不再專門列出。
9.3 單層磚柱廠房
( I )一般規定
9.3.1 本次修訂明確本節適用范圍為燒結普通站土磚砌體。在歷次大地震中，變截面磚柱的上柱震害嚴重又不易修復，故規定磚柱廠房的適用范圍為等高的中小型工業廠房。超出此范圍的磚柱廠房，要采取比本節規定更有效的措施。
9.3.2 針對中小型工業廠房的特點， 對鋼筋混凝土元擦屋蓋的磚柱廠房，要求設置防震縫。對鋼、木等有模屋蓋的磚柱廠房，則明確可不設防晨'縫。防震縫處需設置雙柱或雙墻，以保證結構的整體穩定性和剛性。
9.3.3 本次修訂規定， 屋蓋設置天窗時， 天窗不應通到端開間，以免過多削弱屋蓋的整體性。天窗采用端磚壁時，地震中較多嚴重破壞，甚至倒塌，不應采用。
9.3.4 廠房的結構選型應注意:
1 歷次大地震中， 均有相當數量不配筋的元階形柱的單層磚柱廠房，經受8度地震仍基本完好或輕微損壞。分析認為，當磚柱廠房山墻的問距、開洞率和高寬比均符合砌體結構靜力計算的"剛性方案"條件且山墻的厚度不小于2 4 0mm時，即:
(1)廠房兩端均設有承重山墻且山墻和橫墻間距，對鋼筋混凝土元穰屋蓋不大于3 2m，對鋼筋混凝土有模屋蓋、輕型屋蓋和有密鋪望板的木屋蓋不大于2 0 m ;
(2) 山墻或橫墻上洞口的水平截面面積不應超過山墻或橫墻截面面積的5 0 % ;
(3) 山墻和橫墻的長度不小于其高度。
不配筋的磚排架柱仍可滿足8度的抗震承載力要求。僅從承載力方面， 8 度地震時可不配筋; 但歷次的震害表明， 當遭遇9度地震時，不配筋的磚柱大多數倒塌，按照"大震不倒"的設計原則，本次修訂仍保留7 8規范、89規范關于8度設防時應設置"組合磚柱"的規定。同時進一步明確，多跨廠房在8度田、IV類場地和9度設防時，中柱宜采用鋼筋混凝土柱，僅邊柱可略放寬為采用組合磚柱。
2 震害表明， 單層磚柱廠房的縱向也要有足夠的承載力和剛度，單靠獨立磚柱是不夠的，像鋼筋氓凝土柱廠房那樣設置交叉支撐也不妥，因為支撐吸引來的地震剪力很大，將會剪斷磚柱。比較經濟有效的辦法是，在柱間砌筑與柱整體連接的縱向磚墻并設置磚墻基礎，以代替柱間支撐加強廠房的縱向抗震能力。8 度皿、IV類場地且采用鋼筋混凝土屋蓋時， 由于縱向水平地震作用較大，不能單靠屋蓋中的一般縱向構件傳遞，所以要求在元上述抗震墻的磚柱頂部處設壓桿(或用滿足壓桿構造的圈梁、天溝或模條等代替)。
3 強調隔墻與抗震墻合并設置， 目的在于充分利用墻體的功能，并避免非承重墻對柱及屋架與柱連接點的不利影響。當不能合并設置時，隔墻要采用輕質材料。單層磚柱廠房的縱向隔墻與橫向內隔墻一樣，也宜做成抗震墻，否則會導致主體結構的破壞，獨立的縱向、橫向內隔墻，受震后容易倒塌，需采取保證其平面外穩定性的措施。
(11)計算要點
9.3.5 本次修訂增加了7 度I ， II 類場地柱高不超過6 . 6 m 時，可不進行縱向抗震驗算的條件。
9. 3. 6 , 9. 3. 7 在本節適用范圍內的磚柱廠房， 縱、橫向抗震計算原則與鋼筋混凝土柱廠房基本相同，故可參照本章第9 . 1 節所提供的方法進行計算。其中，縱向簡化計算的附錄J不適用，而屋蓋為鋼筋混凝土或密鋪望板的瓦木屋蓋時，橫向平面排架計算同樣按附錄H考慮廠房的空間作用影響。理由如下:根據現行國家標準《砌體結構設計規范》的規定:密鋪望板瓦木屋蓋與鋼筋混凝土有攘屋蓋屬于同一種屋蓋類型，靜力計算中，符合剛彈性方案的條件時( 2 0 ~ 4 8m)均可考慮空間工作，但8 9 抗震規范規定: 鋼筋混凝土有擦屋蓋可以考慮空間工作，而密鋪望板的瓦木屋蓋不可以考慮空間工作，二者不協調。1 歷次地震， 特別是遼南地震和唐山地震中， 不少密鋪望板瓦木屋蓋單層磚柱廠房反映了明顯的空間工作特性。
2 根據王光遠教授《建筑結構的振動》的分析結論， 不僅僅鋼筋、混凝土元穰屋蓋和有擦屋蓋(大波瓦、槽瓦)廠房，就是石棉瓦和站土瓦屋蓋廠房在地震作用下，也有明顯的空間工作。
3 從具有木望板的瓦木屋蓋單層磚柱廠房的實測可以看出:實測廠房的基本周期均比按排架計算周期為短，同時其橫向振型與鋼筋混凝土屋蓋的振型基本一致。
4 山墻間距小于24m 時， 其空間工作更明顯，且排架柱的剪力和彎矩的折減有更大的趨勢，而單層磚柱廠房山墻間距小于24m 的情況， 在工程建設中也是常見的。
5 根據以上分析， 對單層磚柱廠房的空間工作問題作如下修訂:
(1) 7 度和8 度時， 符合砌體結構剛彈性方案(20~48m)的密鋪望板瓦木屋蓋單層磚柱廠房與鋼筋混凝土有擦屋蓋單層磚柱廣房一樣，也可考慮地震作用下的空間工作。
(2) 附錄H "磚柱考慮空間工作的調整系數"中的"兩端山墻間距"改為"山墻、承重(抗震)橫墻的間距";并將<24m分為24m、18m、12m。
(3) 單層磚柱廠房考慮空間工作的條件與單層鋼筋混凝土柱廠房不同，在附錄H中加以區別和修正。
9.3.9 磚柱的抗震驗算， 在現行國家標準《砌體結構設計規范》的基礎上，按可靠度分析，同樣引人承載力調整系數后進行驗算。
(III)抗震構造措施
9.3.10 磚柱廠房一般多采用瓦木屋蓋， 89 規范關于木屋蓋的規定是合理的，基本上未作改動。木屋蓋的支撐布置中，如端開間下弦水平系桿與山墻連接，地震后容易將山墻頂壞，故不宜采用。木天窗架需加強與屋架的連接，防止受震后傾倒。
9.3.11 攘條與山墻連接不好， 地震時將使支承處的砌體錯動，甚至造成山尖墻倒塌，模條伸出山墻的出山屋面有利于加強擦條與山墻的連接，對抗震有利，可以采用。
9.3.13 震害調查發現， 預制圈梁的抗震性能較差， 故規定在屋架底部標高處設置現澆鋼筋混凝土圈梁。為加強國梁的功能，規定圈梁的截面高度不應小于1 8 0 mm ;寬度習慣上與磚墻同寬。
9.3.14 震害還表明， 山墻是磚柱廠房抗震的薄弱部位之一， 外傾、局部倒塌較多;甚至有全部倒塌的。為此，要求采用臥梁并加強錨拉的措施。
9.3.15 屋架( 屋面梁) 與柱頂或墻頂的圈梁錨固的修訂如下：
1 震害表明: 屋架( 屋面梁) 和柱子可用螺栓連接，也可采用焊接連接。
2 對墊塊的厚度和配筋作了具體規定。墊塊厚度太薄或配筋太少時，本身可能局部承壓破壞，且埋件錨固不足。
3 9 度時屋蓋的地震作用及位移較大; 圈梁與墊塊相連的部位要受到較大的扭轉作用，故其箍筋適當加密。
9.3.16 根據設計需要， 本次修訂規定了磚柱的抗震要求。
9.3.17 鋼筋混凝土屋蓋單層磚柱廠房， 在橫向水平地震作用下，由于空間工作的因素，山墻、橫墻將負擔較大的水平地震剪力，為了減輕山墻、橫墻的剪切破壞，保證房屋的空間工作，對山墻、橫墻的開洞面積加以限制， 8 度時宜在山墻、橫墻的兩端， 9 度時尚應在高大門洞兩側設置構造柱。
 9.3.18 采用鋼筋混凝土元擦屋蓋等剛性屋蓋的單層磚柱廠房，地震時磚墻往往在屋蓋處圈梁底面下一至四皮磚范圍內出現周圍水平裂縫。為此，對于高烈度地區剛性屋蓋的單層磚柱廠房，在磚墻頂部沿墻長每隔1m左右埋設一根如豎向鋼筋，并插入頂部固梁內.以防止柱周圍水平裂縫，甚至墻體錯動破壞的產生。此外，本次修訂取消了雙曲磚拱屋蓋的有關內容。

10 單層空曠房屋
10.1 一般規定
單層空曠房屋是一組不同類型的結構組成的建筑，包含有單層的觀眾廳和多層的前后左右的附屬用房。無側廳的食堂，可參照第9章設計。觀眾廳與前后廳之間、觀眾廳與兩側廳之間一般不設縫，而震害較輕;個別房屋在觀眾廳與側廳處留縫，反而破壞較重。因此，在單層空曠房屋中的觀眾廳與側廳、前后廳之間可不設防震縫，但根據第3章的要求，布置要對稱，避免扭轉，并按本章采取措施，使整組建筑形成相互支持和有良好聯系的空間結構體系。本次修訂，根據震害分析，進一步明確各部分之間應加強連接而不設置防震縫。大廳人員密集，抗震要求較高，故觀眾廳有挑臺，或房屋高、跨度大，或烈度高，要采用鋼筋混凝土框架式門式剛架結構等。本次修訂為提高其抗震安全性，適當增加了采用鋼筋混凝土結構的范疇。對前廳、大廳、舞臺等的連接部位及受力集中的部位，也需采取加強措施或采用鋼筋混凝土構件。本章主要規定了單層空曠房屋大廳抗震設計中有別于單層廠房的要求，對屋蓋選型、構造、非承重隔墻及各種結構類型的附屬房屋的要求，見各有關章節。
10.2 計算要點
單層空曠房屋的平面和體型均較復雜，按目前分析水平，尚難進行整體計算分析。為了簡化，可將整個房屋劃為若干個部分，分別進行計算，然后從構造上和荷載的局部影響上加以考慮，互相協調。例如，通過周期的經驗修正，使各部分的計算周期趨于一致;橫向抗震分析時，考慮附屬房屋的結構類型及其與大廳的連接方式，選用排架、框排架或排架一抗震墻的計算簡圖，條件合適時亦可考慮空間工作的影響，交接處的柱子要考慮高振型的影響;縱向抗震分析時，考慮屋蓋的類型和前后廳等影響，選用單柱列或空間協同分析模型。根據宏觀震害調查，單層空曠房屋中，舞臺后山墻等高大山墻的壁柱，要進行出平面的抗震驗算，驗算要求參考第9章。本次修訂，修改了關于空曠房屋自振周期計算的規定，改為直接取地震影響系數最大值計算地震作用。
10.3 抗震構造措施
單層空曠房屋的主要抗震構造措施如下:
1 6 、7 度時， 中、小型單層空曠房屋的大廳， 無筋的縱墻壁柱雖可滿足承載力的設計要求，但考慮到大廳使用上的重要性，仍要求采用配筋磚柱或組合磚柱。
2 前廳與大廳、大廳與舞臺之間的墻體是單層空曠房屋的主要抗側力構件，承擔橫向地震作用。因此，應根據抗震設防烈度及房屋的跨度、高度等因素，設置一定數量的抗震墻。與此同時，還應加強墻上的大梁及其連接的構造措施。舞臺口梁為懸梁，上部支承有舞臺上的屋架，受力復雜，而且舞臺口兩側墻體為一端自由的高大懸墻，在舞臺口處不能形成一個門架式的抗震橫墻，在地震作用下破壞較多。因此，舞臺口墻要加強與大廳屋蓋體系的拉結，用鋼筋1昆凝土立柱和水平圈梁來加強自身的整體性和穩定性。9度時不要采用舞臺口砌體懸墻。
3 大廳四周的墻體一般較高， 需增設多道水平圈梁來加強整體性和穩定性，特別是墻頂標高處的圈梁更為重要。
4 大廳與兩側的附屬房屋之間一般不設防震縫， 其交接處受力較大，故要加強相互間的連接，以增強房屋的整體性。
5 二層懸挑式挑臺不但荷載大， 而且懸挑跨度也較大， 需要進行專門的抗震設計計算分析。
本次修訂，增加了鋼筋混凝土柱按抗震等級二級進行設計的
要求，增加了關于大廳和前廳相連橫墻的構造要求。增加了部分
橫墻采用鋼筋混凝土抗震墻并按二級抗震等級設計的要求。

11 土、木、石結構房屋
1 1.1 村鎮生土房屋
本節內容未做修訂。89規范對生土建筑作了分類，并就其適用?在圍以及設計施工方面的注意事項作了一般性規定。因地區特點、建筑習慣的不同和名稱的不統一，分類不可能全面。灰土墻承重房屋目前在我國仍有建造，故列人有關要求。生土房屋的層數，因其抗震能力有限，僅以一、二層為宜。
11. 1.1 【修訂說明】
本條進一步明確本規范的規定所適用的生土房屋的范圍。
11. 1.3 各類生土房屋， 由于材料強度較低， 在平立面布置上更要求簡單，一般每開間均要有抗震橫墻，不采用外廊為磚柱、石柱承重，或四角用磚柱、石柱承重的作法，也不要將大梁擱置在土墻上。房屋立面要避免錯層、突變，同一棟房屋的高度和層數必須相同。這些措施都是為了避免在房屋各部分出現應力集中。
11. 1.4 生土房屋的屋面采用輕質材料， 可減輕地震作用; 提倡用雙坡和弧形屋面，可降低山墻高度，增加其穩定'性;單坡屋面山墻過高，平屋面防水有問題，不宜采用。由于是土墻，一切支承點均應有墊板或固梁。擦條要滿搭在墻上或橡子上，端模要出檐，以使外墻受荷均勻，增加接觸面積。
11. 1. 5-11. 1. 7 對生土房屋中的墻體砌筑的要求， 大致同砌體結構，即內外墻交接處要采取簡易又有效的拉結措施，土坯要臥砌。•土坯的土質和成型方法，決定了土坯的好壞并最終決定土墻的承載力，應予以重視。生土房屋的地基要求窮實，并設置防潮層以防止生土墻體酥落。
<11. 1. 5 修訂說明】
本條修改規范執行嚴格程度用詞，強調生土房屋墻體之間加強拉結，提高結構整體性。
11. 1.8 為加強灰土墻房屋的整體性， 要求設置圈梁。圈梁可用配筋磚帶或木圈梁。
11. 1. 9 提高土拱房的抗震性能， 主要是拱腳的穩定、拱固的牢固和整體性。若一側為崖體一側為人工土墻，會因軟硬不同導致破壞。
.11.1. 1 0 土窯洞有一定的抗震能力， 在宏觀震害調查時看到，土體穩定、土質密實、坡度較平緩的土窯洞在7度區有較完好的例子。因此，對土窯洞來說，首先要選擇良好的建筑場地，應避開易產生滑坡、山崩的地段。崖窯前不要接砌土坯或其他材料的前臉，否則前臉部分將極易遭到破壞。有些地區習慣開挖層窯，一般來說比較危險，如需要時應注意間隔足夠的距離，避免一旦土體破壞時發生連鎖反應，造成大面積胡塌。
11.2 木結構房屋
本節主要是依據1 9 8 1年道孚6 . 9級地震的經驗。
11.2.1 本節所規定的木結構房屋， 不適用于木柱與屋架( 梁)錢接的房屋。因其柱子上、下端均為錢接，是不穩定的結構體系。
11.2.3 木柱房屋限高二層， 是為了避免木柱有接頭。震害表明，木柱無接頭的舊房損壞較輕，而新建的有接頭的房屋卻倒塌。
11.2.4 四柱三跨木排架指的是中間有一個較大的主跨， 兩側各有一個較小邊跨的結構，是大跨空曠木柱房屋較為經濟合理的方案。
震害表明， 15~18m 寬的木柱房屋， 若僅用單跨， 破壞嚴重，甚至倒塌;而采用四柱三跨的結構形式，甚至出現地裂縫，主跨也安然無恙。
11. 2. 5 木結構房屋無承重山墻， 故本規范第9.3 節規定的房屋兩端第二開間設置屋蓋支撐的要求需向外移到端開間。
11.2.6-11. 2. 8 木柱與屋架( 梁) 設置斜撐， 目的控制橫向側移和加強整體性，穿斗木構架房屋整體性較好，有相當的抗倒力和變形能力，故可不必采用斜撐來限制側移， .但平面外的穩定性還需采用縱向支撐來加強。震害表明，木柱與木屋架的斜撐若用夾板形式，通過螺栓與屋架下弦節點和上弦處緊密連結，則基本完好，而斜撐連接于下弦任意部位時，往往倒塌或嚴重破壞。為保證排架的穩定性，加強柱腳和基礎的錨固是十分必要的，可采用拉結鐵件和螺栓連接的方式。
11.2.11 本條是新增的， 提出了關于木構件截面尺寸、開梓、接頭等的構造要求。
11.2.12 砌體圍護墻不應把木柱完全包裹， 目的是消除下列不利因素:
1 木柱不通風， 極易腐蝕， 且難于檢查木柱的變質;
2 地震時木柱變形大， 不能共同工作， 反而把砌體推壞，造成砌體倒塌傷人。
【修訂說明】
本條修改規范執行嚴格程度用詞，強調了木結構房屋的圍護墻與主體的拉結，以避免土坯等倒塌傷人。
11.3 石結構房屋
11. 3. 1, 11.3.2 多層石房震害經驗不多， 唐山地區多數是二層，少數三、四層，而昭通地區大部分是二、三層，僅泉州石結構古塔高達4 8 . 2 4m，經過1 6 04年8級地震(泉州烈度為8度)的考驗至今猶存。多層石房高度限值相對于磚房是較小的，這是考慮到石塊加工不平整，性能差別很大，且目前石結構的經驗還不足。使用"不宜"，可理解為通過試驗或有其他依據時，可適當增減。
<11. 3. 2 修訂說明】
本條修改規范執行嚴格程度用詞，以嚴格控制石砌體民居的適用范圍。
11.3.6 從宏觀震害和實驗情況來看， 石墻體的破壞特征和磚結構相近，石墻體的抗剪承載力驗算可與多層砌體結構采用同樣的方法。但其承載力設計值應由試驗確定。
11.3.7 石結構房屋的構造柱設置要求， 系參照89 規范混凝土中型砌塊房屋對芯柱的設置要求規定的，而構造柱的配筋構造等要求，需參照多層卻土磚房的規定。本次修訂提高了7度時石結構房屋構造柱設置的要求。
11.3.8 洞口是石墻體的薄弱環節， 因此需對其洞口的面積加以IIU制。
11.3.9 多層石房每層設置鋼筋混凝土圈梁， 能夠提高其抗震能力，減輕震害，例如，唐山地震中， 10 度區有5 棟設置了固梁的二層石房，震后基本完好，或僅輕微破壞。與多層磚房相比，石墻體房屋圈梁的截面加大，配筋略有增加，因為石墻體材料重量較大。在每開間及每道墻上，均設置現澆圈梁是為了加強墻體間的連接和整體性。
 11. 3.10 石墻在交接處用條石元墊片砌筑， 并設置拉結鋼筋網片，是根據石墻材料的特點，為加強房屋整體性而采取的措施。

9.2 Single story of steel construction factory building
General regulation on 9.2.1 (I )
The antidetonation performance of the steel construction is generally better, the steel construction factory building not setting up defences , can not damage heavily in the earthquake, generally yuan are damaged in the main bearing structure. But, in the earthquake of Miyagi county of Japan, 5 of steel construction building collapsed , the steel construction factory buildings of rolling stock plant of Tangshan ,etc. are destroyed even collapsed in 1976 in 1978, so, the steel construction factory building of the ordinary section steel still needs to carry on aseismatic design. The dead weight of the light-duty steel construction factory building is light, the sectional characteristic of the steel is different from ordinary section steel , this revision has not been included in .
9.2.3 Request for the structure system of factory building of this regulation:
The horizontal rigidity of 1 multispan factory building is relatively great, do not demand to each step the roof truss to just connect with the post . The structure of adopting the systems , such as the door type rigid frame , cantilever post ,etc. is not rare in the actual project. The arrangement vertical to the factory building requires , this regulation is unanimous with the actual conditions of the single floor of steel construction factory building .
Thickness 2 is more largly can't carry on the component of the bolted joint , need to adopt strong connections , such as welding seam of butt joint ,etc., and observe the welding craft of the thick board , guarantee to weld quality.
3 practices indicate , wind up pole and junction of the post and present the dumpling traditional method of plasticity in the roof truss, often cause too big and out of shape , cause the house and present the function obstacle , so stipulated that the connecting plate here should not present the plasticity dumpling . Should accord with the general request connected in antidetonation when the crossbeam is a real belly roof beam.
The largest stress district of 4 steel skeleton may produce the plasticity money when there is a earthquake, cause the component to lose whole and some stability, so can't set up and weld connecting in the largest stress district. In order to guarantee that the node has enough bearing capacity , have also stipulated that no request that destroy will happen when the whole section of component is surrendered in the node .
(II) calculate the main point
9.2.4 According to the single floor of actual conditions of factory building , confront with each other and shake to calculate that the model has done the regulation respectively.
9.2.5 When the factory building arranges the shelf and combats earthquake and analyses, protect the type of the wall and fetching value principle of deciding its quality and rigidity of connection way on the wall and post according to the country, it is relatively rational to enable calculating.
9.2.6 The horizontal antidetonation of the single story of steel construction factory building is calculated, the same as post factory building of armored concrete on the whole, but because enclose and protect more types of the wall , so treat respectively. When according to making simplified calculation in the post factory building of armored concrete, the curved square of earthquake and cutting the adjustment coefficient of strength not make the regulation .
9.2.7 Wait for the vertical antidetonation of the high multispan steel construction factory building to calculate, different from factory building of armored concrete, mainly because it is that the flexibility join or not hinder the post side from moving that the factory building encloses and protects the wall and post, every vertical post arranges and shifts basically the samly. So, to not there is not town room that overlay and can arrange rigidity to assign according to the post ing; To there is mould room that overlays and can arrange the gravity of bearing and load the proportion of representing value to assigns and arranges to calculate according to the single post according to the post ing, and then fetch greater value of the two.
9.2.8 Have built and supported and designed and made the regulation to the room in this article. Request that mainly to connect strength of bearing the weight of to demand and the belly pole is designed. To the component according to the long detailed support more sectional than the decision, it connects with string pole one and does not demand to wait for and join strongly , so long as not smaller than the internal force of the component ; It is vertical to include room overlay earthquake strength produced to conduct oneself with dignity to effort born to support for room to overlay, will pass it to main frame , a section needs to be calculated and confirmed in the pole.
(III)Construct the measure in antidetonation
9.2.11 Conventional regulation of the steel structural design, press and turn off more than yuan more than limit and axle of the post long and detailed, but relate to intensity of surrender of the material . The expression way in amended expression way and " design specification of the steel construction " is unanimous.
9.2.12 Board on it is the single for layers of factory building post , roof beam the generous in piece than,should design for being tight strength elasticity not quiet . The design that this article has consulted the metallurgical department stipulates , it comes from trying being regarded as with project experience analysis. Among them, consider that the roof beam may present the plasticity money , control according to the request about plasticity design in " design specification of the steel construction ". The foot-path where the round copper is in charge of is thick to comes from the Japanese materials.
9.2.13 Can transmit the whole section of post and surrender the post foot which bears the weight of strength , can adopt the following form :
(1)Imbedding type post foot, bury the deep approximate calculation formula , coming from Japan's early design and stipulating and Britain's steel construction design manual;
 (2)Wrapping up type post foot outside;
 (3)Exposing type post foot, carry on the grouting two times by shrinking the mortar among the baseplate and basic top surface, need to set up and resist and cut the key when it is greater to cut strength .
9.2.14 Setting up will support and give consideration to the temperature of reducing in conformity with the request of making every effort among the posts. Support among setting up upper and lower posts in the middle part of factory building , is only suitable for having the factory building of the crane, its purpose is to avoid the temperature stress of vertical components , such as crane roof beam ,etc.; When the interval length of temperature is larger, need to support between setting up two posts in the middle part. Have the post and support according to playing disposing , its section is generally relatively small, it is not high to be set up in both ends loud to the vertical bloated epitome of component, no matter the earthquake intensity needs to set up bigly or smallly. It have crane the getting less relatively in section, support not setting up post in
Middle part. In addition, 89 standardizes the provision that the welding seam forbids grade separation, belong to the basic demand that is not aseismatic design, this revision is not listed specially again.
9.3 Single story of bricks post factory building
(I ) general regulation
9.3.1 Revision this scope of application ordinary to stand soil brick build body for to frit in this festivals clearly. In all previous heavy earthquakes, turn into having the earthquake of the post serious and difficult to repair of sectional brick post, so stipulate the scope of application of the brick post factory building in order to wait for the high medium and small-scale industrial factory building . The brick post factory building beyond the scope of this, should take the measure with more effective more regulation than this festival.
9.3.2 Direct against the characteristic of the medium and small-scale industrial factory building , wipe the brick post factory building built in room to armored concrete yuan, demand to set up and take precautions against earthquakes to sew. Have brick post factory building built in mould room to steel , wood ,etc., too clear to set up defences in the morning ' sew. It needs to set up the twin columns or one pair of walls to take precautions against earthquakes and sew the place , so as to ensure the whole stability and rigidity of the structure.
9.3.3 Revise and stipulate , when the room builds and sets up the skylight , the skylight should not lead to the end room this time, in case that weaken the globality overlayed in room too much. When the skylight adopts the end brick wall, it is destroyed seriously that there is more in the earthquake, even collapse , should not adopt .
9.3.4 The selecting type of structure of the factory building should be paid attention to:
In a all previous heavy earthquakes, have a great deal of yuans of steps single layers of brick post factory building , shape of post to unworthy of muscle, stand 8 degrees of earthquakes to damage still intactly basically and slightly . Analyse and think , as brick post factory distance of asking, Fangshan of the walls, rate of hole turned on is and the high and wide than according with not building the terms and thicknesses of gable while smaller than 240mm of ing, namely:
(1)There are bearing gable and the gable and horizontal interval of wall in both ends of factory building, is it greater than 3 2m to cover to armored concrete yuans of Rang room , have to armored concrete mould room build , light-duty room cover and have dense to spread log cabin of roof boarding covered and greater than 20 m;
 (2)The sectional area of level of the entrance to a cave should not exceed 50 of the gable or the horizontal sectional area of wall on the gable or the horizontal wall;
 (3)The length of the gable and horizontal wall is not smaller than its height .
The brick unworthy of the muscle can still meet 8 degrees of antidetonation and bear the weight of the strength request to rank the shelf post. Only from bear the weight of strength , unworthy of the muscle when 8 degrees of earthquakes; But all previous earthquakes indicate , in the experience when 9 degrees of earthquakes , most brick posts unworthy of the muscle collapse , according to the design principle of " shake and does not pour greatlying ", this revision still keeps 7 8 norms , 89 norms about regulation that should set up " making the brick post up " while setting up defences of 8 degrees. At the same time clear further, the multispan factory building is in field of 8 degrees , IV place and 9 degrees , while setting up defences , middle post should adopt the armored concrete post , only the post can be slightly relaxed in order to adopt and make the brick post up.
2 earthquakes show , single layers of brick post factory building vertical to there is enough bearing the weight of the strength and rigidity , it is not enough to depend on independent brick posts only, it is improper to set up and support alternately like the thing that the common people congeal the soil post factory building with reinforcing bar, because support the earthquake attracted and cut strength very heavily , will cut off the brick post. More economic and effective method is, build the vertical brick wall joined with the post wholly by laying bricks or stones and set up the foundation of brick wall among the posts, in order to support the vertical antidetonation ability to strengthen the factory building while replacing the posts. 8 ware,, IV place adopt armored concrete room when covering , because vertical horizontal earthquake function relatively heavy, can't transmit the general vertical component while building in the room only , require brick post top place in yuans of above-mentioned antidetonation wall is it pigeonhole pole to set up (whether or with is it keep circle roof beam , gutter or mould pair ,etc. that pole construct replace to satisfy).
3 emphasizes that the partition wall amalgamate with antidetonation wall to set up , the purpose lies in fully utilizing the function of the wall, it is not that the bearing wall connect the adverse effect clicked with post on the post and roof truss and avoid. When it is unable to amalgamate and set up , the partition wall should adopt the light quality material . The vertical partition wall of the single story of bricks post factory building is like horizontal interior partition wall, should do into a antidetonation wall too, otherwise will cause the destruction of the agent structure , the independent vertical , horizontal interior partition wall, it is apt to collapse after being shaken , need to take and guarantee the stability measure outside its level .
(11)Calculate the main point
9.3.5 This revision has increased by 7 degrees of I, the II place post is too high to exceed 6 . At the 6 m , carry on vertical antidetonation terms of checking computations.
9.3.6 , 9.3.7 in this festival brick post factory building in the scope of application, vertical, horizontal antidetonation calculate that the principle is essentially identical with post factory building of armored concrete , so can consult a chapter the 9th  . A method offered is calculated . Among them, vertical appendix of simplified calculation J suitable, but room cover for armored concrete or dense to spread tile log cabin of roof boarding when stamping, the horizontal level arranges the shelf and calculates that considers according to appendix H too that the space function of the factory building is influenced . The reason is as follows: According to the stipulation that " build body structure design specification " in current national standard: That the log cabin of pan tile builds and pushes up the room to build and belong to the same kind of rooms to build the type with the armored concrete t, in quiet strength is calculated, consider the space work while according with the condition of the just elastic scheme (20 quiet 4 8ms ), but 89 antidetonation norms stipulate : Armored concrete is it wipe room is it can consider space work , but dense to spread tile log cabin of roof boarding is it may consider space work to cover to cover to have, the two are incongruous. A all previous earthquakes, especially distant south earthquake and Tangshan , among the earthquake , many to is it hope pan tile log cabin cover single layers of brick post factory building reflect the obvious space performance characteristics to pave while being dense.
2 according to Wang GuangYuan analysis conclusion, Professor of " vibration, building of structure ", reinforcing bar, concrete yuans of Rang room not merely build and is it wipe room cover factory building to have, even if asbestos shingle and stand soil tile room build factory building under earthquake function , there is obvious space that works.
3 ones that build the single story of bricks post factory building from the tile log cabins with wood roof boarding are surveyed and can be found out : Survey basic cycle of factory building as short than according to arrange shelf cycle of calculating , horizontal person who shake its and armored concrete person who shake that room cover basically unanimous at the same time.
When the interval of 4 gables is smaller than 24m, its space work is more obvious, and rank cutting reducing greater trend bendly of strength and curved square of the shelf post, and the single interval of wall of Fangshan of post factory of story of bricks is smaller than the situation of 24m, it is common too in engineering construction.
5 does the working question of space of the single floor of bricks post factory building as follows and revises according to the above analysis:
 (1)7, while spending with 8 degrees, it accord with build by body the structures just to hope pan tile cover there aren't layers of brick post factory building and armored concrete not single the log cabins, can consider the room work under earthquake function .
 (2)" both ends gable interval " in appendix H " brick post consider adjustment coefficient that space work " change into " gable , bearing (antidetonation ) horizontal interval of wall "; And <24m, divide 24m , 18m , 12m into.
 (3)Consider that the condition of the space work is different from single story of armored concrete post factory building in the single story of bricks post factory building , distinguish and revise in appendix H.
9.3.9 The antidetonation checking computations of the brick post, on the basis of the thing that " build body structure design specification " in current national standard, analyse according to the reliability , carry on checking computations after guiding people's strength of bearing the weight of and adjusting coefficient too.
(III)Construct the measure in antidetonation
9.3.10 The brick post factory building generally adopt the tile log cabin to build more, it is rational that 89 standardizes the provision on covering in the log cabin, have not changed basically. In the support covered in log cabin is fixed up, connect with gable such as the horizontal tie rod of bottom chord of the end room, earthquake easy very broken gable, so unsuitable to adopt. The window frame on day of wood is needed to strengthen and connected with the roof truss, topple over after prevent being shaken .
9.3.11 Do not push up one and connect with gable well, will enable supporting the body of step of the place to move by mistake when the earthquake, even cause sharp wall on the mountain to collapse , the roofing helps to strengthen and wipe one to connect with the gable that a one that stretches out the gable comes out of retirement and take up an official post in the mould , it is favorable to confront with each other and shake , can adopt .
9.3.13 The earthquake is investigated and found, it is relatively bad to prefabricate the antidetonation performance of enclosing roof beam , so stipulate that marks the height and sets up the cast-in-place armored concrete and encloses the roof beam in the bottom of roof truss. In order to strengthen the function of the roof beam in the country , stipulate that the sectional height of enclosing roof beam should not be smaller than 180 mm; The width , with the brick wall and wide traditionally.
9.3.14 The earthquake still shows , the gable is one of the weak position of antidetonation of factory building of the brick post, the extroversion , part collapse more; Even have the one that all collapse. For this reason , demand to adopt and poach the roof beam and strengthen the measure that the anchor draw.
9.3.15 Roof truss ( Roofing roof beam)  The firm revision of circle roof beam anchor that is carried with the capital or the wall is as follows:
An earthquake shows : Roof truss (roofing roof beam ) and the post can use the bolted joint , can adopt and weld joining .
Thickness and matching the muscle to make and regulate 2 specifically to the cushion . When the thickness of the cushion is too thin or matches muscles too few, itself part is it is it destroy to press to bear , bury pieces of firm and enough anchor perhaps.
Earthquake function and relatively heavy displacement that room overlay when the 39; The position of enclosing the roof beam and linking with cushion should be affected by bigger turning back , so its hoop of muscles are encrypted properly.
9.3.16 According to the need of designing, this revision has stipulated that the antidetonation of the brick post is required.
9.3.17 The armored concrete room builds the single story of bricks post factory building , under horizontal horizontal earthquake function, because of factor that space work, gable , bear heavier horizontal earthquake cut strength by horizontal wall, destroy for the shear which lightens the gable , horizontal wall, guarantee the room work of the house , turn on to gable , horizontal wall hole area limit , should in gable , horizontal both ends of wall when the 8, should set up and construct the post on the high both sides of door opening in 9 degrees of fashions.
 9.3.18 Adopt armored concrete yuan and wipe the room in the single story of bricks post factory building built in rigidity room of building etc., the horizontal crack appears around in first to 4 leather brick ranges under stamping officing to enclose the bottom surface of roof beam in the room often in the brick wall at the earthquake. For this reason, the single story of bricks post factory building built to the high earthquake intensity regional rigidity room, in brick wall along long to bury top through 1m underground one like vertical to the reinforcing bar from side to side while being every wall , and insert it in the firm roof beam of top . In order to prevent the post in the horizontal crack around, even the wall moves the production that is destroyed by mistake. In addition, have cancelled one pair of songs brick and joined relevant contents built in room in this revision.

10 forms and one story of spacious houses
10.1 General regulation
 The single story of spacious houses is the building where a group of different kinds of structure makes up , include the single auditorium on story and multi-layer annex all around. There is no dining room of the side drawing room , can design according to chapter 9 . Auditorium and in front and at the back of between drawing room, not among auditorium and both sides the Room seldom it have it sew, and the earthquake is relatively light; The specific house stays and sews in the auditorium and place of drawing room of side, it is relatively heavy to destroy

2012.11.11